阿仑磷酸钠片联合唑来膦酸注射液治疗骨质疏松症患者的药物经济学评价

目的探讨阿仑磷酸钠片联合唑来膦酸注射液治疗骨质疏松症的成本-效果。方法选取2016年12月至2018年2月于阜新市中医医院骨伤科治疗的138例骨质疏松症患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组69例。对照组给予阿仑磷酸钠片治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上采用唑来膦酸注射液治疗,比较两组患者治疗效果,并进行成本-效果分析。结果观察组治疗有效率为97.10%,显著高于对照组的75.36%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,与对照组比较,观察组患者腰椎骨、股骨颈和Ward’s三角区骨密度水平显著提高(P<0.05),血清Ca2+、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、降钙素(HCT)水平显著提高(P<0.05),成本-效果比提高(P<0.05),不良反应发生率降低(P<0.05)。结论阿仑磷酸钠片联合唑来膦酸注射液治疗可明显提高骨质疏松症患者疗效,调节骨密度,有助于骨代谢指标恢复,但其成本也较高。     

Tradeable permits for pollution control when emission location matters: What have we learned?

Our knowledge about tradeable permit approaches to pollution control has grown rapidly in the two decades in which they have received serious analytical attention. Not only have the theoretical models become more focused and the empirical work more detailed, but we have now had over a decade of experience with them in the U.S. This article draws upon economic theory, empirical studies, and actual experience with implementation to summarize what we have learned about applying tradeable permits to air pollution control in the special circumstance where the spatial aspects of the problem are a prime consideration.     

Trade-offs in sulfur emission trading in Europe

How to implement emission trading is one question in the current negotiations on a new sulfur protocol in Europe. Whereas the current protocol stipulates a 30 percent uniform reduction, national emission ceilings included in the proposed new protocol imply differentiated reductions. In addition, emission and fuel standards are proposed. This paper examines the costs and environmental impacts of emission trading. Emission trading combined with regulations is a new element in the paper. Calculations using the RAINS (Regional Acidification INformation and Simulation) model suggest that overlaying emission trading on regulations not only reduces the cost savings but has beneficial impacts as well: ecosystem protection is not changed and significant decreases in environmental benefits for countries are largely avoided. Emission trading can also be used to decrease emissions and increase ecosystem protection. If combined with existing legislation, emission trading minimizes losses in expected environmental benefits for some countries, and most countries gain. However, the initial distribution of emission ceilings has to be used so that some countries are not confronted with higher costs. Trade-offs appear to exist between the use of emission trading to achieve cost savings on the one hand, and ecosystem protection and distributional equity on the other.     

石家庄市酸雨污染特征及其成因分析

根据2008-2012年的酸雨监测数据,研究了石家庄市5年来大气降水量、pH值、电导率及降水化学组成的变化规律和趋势。结果表明:石家庄市5年来年均降水量为557.4mm,降水集中在6—9月份。降水pH值最大为7.98,最小为4.41,年均值为5.88。电导率为12.37~18.03ms/m,年均值为14.96ms/m,且与pH值呈一定的负相关性。酸雨频率年均值为4.35%,近2年没有酸雨发生。降水中阴离子浓度由高至低依次为SO2-4,NO-3,Cl-,F-,阳离子浓度由高至低依次为Ca2+,NH+4,Mg2+,K+,Na+。石家庄市的酸雨类型由硫酸型向硫酸和硝酸混合型过渡。     

克拉维酸高产菌的选育

以带小棒链霉菌bs1574为出发菌株,经γ射线照射,并结合甘油耐受性菌株的理性筛选,选育得到较佳诱变菌株bs2325,效价达2 569μg/mL.采用摇瓶发酵初筛和复筛,选育出甘油耐受性正向突变菌株,是出发菌株(效价为968 μg/mL)的2.65倍,该突变菌株在琼脂斜面培养基上连续转接传代4代,克拉维酸的产量保持稳定...     

浅析脂肪酸在食用植物油中的作用及控制

本文试从植物油的性质谈起,分析食用植物油脂肪酸组成不合格的原因,帮助消费者对植物油多一点了解以便更科学的选购。     

锌沸腾焙烧及其制酸工业中机电一体化技术的应用

讨论了机电一体化技术对于改变机械制造业面貌所起的作用,并说明其在锌冶金工业中的应用及发展趋势.     

水杨酸二甘酯的合成及工艺优化

水杨酸二甘酯是一种重要的化工原料,也是很好的有机溶荆和合成香料.文章研究由水杨酸和二甘醇合成水杨酸二甘酯,发现硼酸、对甲苯磺酸、硫酸及草酸的混合酸作催化荆效果较好.     

维生素B12与叶酸联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病的疗效及其对同型半胱氨酸的影响

目的探究维生素B12与叶酸联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病的疗效及其对同型半胱氨酸的影响。方法我院2010年07月至2010年12月临床诊断为2型糖尿病患者90例。随机分为三组:对照组:每日给予二甲双胍0.75mg;治疗一组:每日给予二甲双胍0.75mg及叶酸片;治疗二组:每日给予二甲双胍0.75mg及叶酸15mg、维生素B12片1500g,连服14d。分别于治疗前、治疗后定期抽血测定同型半胱氨酸、叶酸、VitB12水平,比较治疗前后各项指标变化,并长期观察患者糖尿病相关并发症发生情况。结果二甲双胍治疗后糖尿病患者叶酸、维生素B12水平较治疗前有明显下降(P<0.05),而同型半胱氨酸水平较治疗前有明显升高(P<0.05);治疗一组叶酸水平较治疗前无明显变化,维生素B12水平较治疗前有下降(P<0.05),治疗二组各指标均较前治疗前无明显下降。治疗一组和治疗二组中同型半胱氨酸水平较治疗前无明显变化;对照组治疗2型糖尿病发生并发症多于治疗一组和治疗二组,具有统计学差异(P<0.05),而治疗组两组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论维生素B12与叶酸联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病可以维持体内同型半胱氨酸水平,并可以防治2型糖尿病各项相关并发症的发生。     

香兰素的合成方法综述

较详细介绍了香兰素的化学合成路线,重点介绍了用愈创木酚为原料的各种工艺路线,如我国目前采用的亚硝化工艺和国外普遍采用的乙醛酸工艺,还介绍了一些有研究前景的工艺路线,如对羟基苯甲醛法等;对各种工艺的优缺点进行了评价,认为乙醛酸工艺是一条较具发展前途的合成路线。